What is the difference between open and closed fractures?

The distinction between open and closed fractures primarily lies in the relationship between the bone and the surrounding soft tissue, particularly the skin. In the case of a closed fracture, the broken bone remains intact beneath the skin, meaning there is no break or open wound leading from the outside environment into the fracture site. This is crucial as it impacts the potential for infection and the overall treatment approach. Closed fractures typically imply that the surrounding soft tissues are also uninjured, allowing for a less complicated healing process.

On the other hand, open fractures—also known as compound fractures—do involve a break in the skin, exposing the bone and increasing the risk of infection, which often necessitates surgical intervention to properly clean and stabilize the fracture site.

Understanding this key difference helps in determining the appropriate management and treatment strategies for both types of fractures.