What is the difference between a simple and a compound fracture?

A simple fracture, also known as a closed fracture, is characterized by the fact that the bone breaks but does not penetrate the skin. This means that the fracture can occur without any external wound, maintaining the integrity of the surrounding soft tissue and skin. In contrast, a compound fracture (or open fracture) involves a break in the bone that does extend through the skin, exposing the bone and underlying tissues to the external environment, which significantly increases the risk of infection.

Understanding this distinction is crucial in medical settings, as it informs treatment approaches and the management of potential complications. In practice, a simple fracture can often be managed with immobilization (e.g., using a cast), while a compound fracture typically requires more intensive treatment, such as surgical intervention, due to the increased complexity and risks associated with skin exposure and potential contamination.