In medical terms, what does "atrophy" refer to?

Atrophy refers to a reduction in the size or wasting away of a body part, particularly muscles. This condition often occurs due to disuse, undernutrition, or various diseases that impact muscle health. When muscles are not used or are not stimulated, they can shrink in size, leading to decreased strength and function. This term is frequently used in the context of muscle atrophy where there is a decrease in muscle mass, which can happen in various conditions such as after an injury, due to prolonged bed rest, or as a part of the aging process.

Understanding atrophy is crucial in the field of musculoskeletal health, as it highlights the importance of physical activity and proper nutrition in maintaining muscle strength and preventing muscle loss. The other terms presented, such as excessive growth of tissue, inflammation of a muscle, and strengthening of muscles, represent different physiological processes that are distinct from atrophy.